Color on Ceramics in the Medieval Architecture of Tlemcen, Algeria: Light, Ambiance and Symbolism

Abstract

The architectural heritage of the Marinid and Ziyanid dynasties in the region of Tlemcen (Algeria) is characterized by geometric and floral shapes of the ornamental ceramic of particularly rich polychromic expressions. This ornamentation defines the minarets, porches, interior courtyards and patios. The ceramic colors in different tones and arrangements provide spaces with an exceptional quality that highly characterizes this medieval Arab architecture. The polychromic compositions of the ceramic with their intrinsic spatial and aesthetical value remain largely unexplored. This research attempts to explore first, an untapped ancestral know-how or “savoir- faire” and second, to demonstrate that this architectural heritage has a colorful atmosphere, whose evolution is linked to the relationship between shapes, lights, materials and colors as well as its socio-cultural context. The investigation method consists of a survey of colors on ceramics and an analysis of arrangement patterns between colors and geometry (relationship and mixtures of colors) to determine the rhythms, harmonies of figures and background, optical compositions, and finally determine the color language and agreements that result. Color properties, the subtle combination of colors and materials interacting with an exquisite geometry display a decisive influence on the appearance and the ambiance that emerge, providing brightness and light, creating rhythm, motley and fusion in a web of optical effects, filled with symbolism, suitable for the cultural and religious circumstances of the place.